30 ml4 INCIpH 4.8–5.6
Serum 01 — Retinaldehyde
$88.000.05% retinaldehyde, encapsulated, pH 5.5.
Serums
15% L-ascorbic acid + ferulic + tocopherol, pH 3.2.
A morning antioxidant for photoprotection synergy with sunscreen. Built on the Pinnell ratio: L-ascorbic acid stabilized by ferulic acid and vitamin E, the only combination shown in controlled studies to provide eightfold UVB protection in addition to broad-spectrum SPF.
Packed in airless amber miron glass; opened bottles maintain ≥90% potency at 90 days.
Formulated in Lisbon.
L-Ascorbic Acid
15%
Active form of vitamin C; collagen co-factor.
Ferulic Acid
0.5%
Stabilizer; doubles ascorbic-acid photoprotection.
Tocopherol
1%
Synergistic antioxidant.